REXROTH液壓泵型號：4WE10D33/CG24N9K4
REXROTH液壓泵的工作原理圖。柱塞2依靠彈簧4壓在偏心輪1上，偏心輪轉動時，柱塞便作往復運動。柱塞向右移動時，密封腔因容積增大而形成一定真空，在大氣壓力作用下通過單向閥5從油箱吸進油液，這時單向閥6封閉壓油口防止系統(tǒng)油液回流；柱塞向左移動時，密封腔4容積減小，將已吸入的油液通過單向閥6壓出，這時單向閥5封閉吸油口防止油液流回油箱。偏心輪不停地轉動，泵就不斷地吸油和壓油。由此可見液壓泵是靠密封容積變化進行工作的，故常稱其為容積式泵。單向閥5和6是保證液壓泵正常吸油和壓油所必須的配油裝置。液壓泵的工作原理及主要結構特點 類型 結構、原理示意圖 工作原理 結構特點 外嚙合齒輪泵 當齒輪旋轉時，在A腔，由于輪齒脫開使容積逐漸增大，形成真空從油箱吸油，隨著齒輪的旋轉充滿在齒槽內(nèi)的油被到B腔，在B腔，由于輪齒嚙合，容積逐漸減小，把液壓油排出 利用齒和泵殼形成的封閉容積的變化，完成泵的功能，不需要配流裝置，不能變量 結構zui簡單、價格低、徑向載荷大 內(nèi)嚙合齒輪泵 當傳動軸帶動外齒輪旋轉時，與此相嚙合的內(nèi)齒輪也隨著旋轉。吸油腔由于輪齒脫開而吸油，經(jīng)隔板后，油液進入壓油腔，壓油腔由于輪齒嚙合而排油 典型的內(nèi)嚙合齒輪泵主要有內(nèi)齒輪、外齒輪及隔板等組成 利用齒和齒圈形成的容積變化，完成泵的功能。在軸對稱位置上布置有吸、排油口。不能變量 尺寸比外嚙合式略小，價格比外嚙合式略高，徑向載荷大 德國力士樂液壓泵DBW10B25X/315U6EW230N9K4E5L葉片泵 轉子旋轉時，葉片在離心力和壓力油的作用下，尖部緊貼在定子內(nèi)表面上。這樣兩個葉片與轉子和定子內(nèi)表面所構成的工作積，由小到大吸油后再由大到小排油，葉片旋轉一周時，完成兩次吸油和兩次排油 利用插入轉子槽內(nèi)的葉片間容積變化，完成泵的用。在軸對稱位置上布置有兩組吸油口和排油口 徑向載荷小，噪聲較低流量脈動小 柱塞泵 柱塞泵由缸體與柱塞構成，柱塞在缸體內(nèi)作往復運動，在工作容積增大時吸油，工作容積減小時排油。采用端面配油 徑向載荷由缸體外周的大軸承所平衡，以限制缸體的傾斜 利用配流盤配流 傳動軸只傳遞轉矩、軸徑較小。由于存在缸體的傾斜力矩，制造精度要求較高，否則易損壞配流盤 螺桿泵 一根主動螺桿與兩根從動螺桿相互嚙合，三根螺桿的嚙合線把螺旋槽分割成若干個密封容積。當螺桿旋轉時，這個密封容積沿軸向移動而實現(xiàn)吸油和排油 利用螺桿槽內(nèi)容積的移動，產(chǎn)生泵的作用。 德國力士樂液壓泵DBW10B25X/315U6EW230N9K4E5L液壓泵的工作原理如圖3.1 所示，泵體3 和柱塞2 構成一個密封容積，偏心輪1 由原動機帶動旋轉，當偏心輪由圖示位置向下轉半周時，柱塞在彈簧6 的作用下向下移動，密封容積逐漸增大，形成局部真空，油箱內(nèi)的油液在大氣壓作用下，頂開單向閥4 進入密封腔中，實現(xiàn)吸油；當偏心輪繼續(xù)再轉半周時，它推動柱塞向上移動，密封容積逐漸減小，油液受柱塞擠壓而產(chǎn)生壓力，使單向閥4 關閉，油液頂開單向閥5 而輸入系統(tǒng)，這就是壓油，液壓泵的供油壓力為p，供油流量為q。液壓泵都是依靠密封容積變化的原理來進行工作的，故一般稱為容積式液壓泵，圖3-1所示的是一單柱塞液壓泵的工作原理圖，圖中柱塞2裝在缸體3中形成一個密封容積a，柱塞在彈簧4的作用下始終壓緊在偏心輪1上。原動機驅動偏心輪1旋轉使柱塞2作往復運動，使密封容積a的大小發(fā)生周期性的交替變化。當a有小變大時就形成部分真空，使油箱中油液在大氣壓作用下，經(jīng)吸油管頂開單向閥6進入油箱a而實現(xiàn)吸油；反之，當a由大變小時，a腔中吸滿的油液將頂開單向閥5流入系統(tǒng)而實現(xiàn)壓油。這樣液壓泵就將原動機輸入的機械能轉換成液體的壓力能，原動機驅動偏心輪不斷旋轉，液壓泵就不斷地吸油和壓油。 德國力士樂液壓泵DBW10B25X/315U6EW230N9K4E5L2.液壓泵的特點 單柱塞液壓泵具有一切容積式液壓泵的基本特點： （1）具有若干個密封且又可以周期性變化空間。液壓泵輸出流量與此空間的容積變化量和單位時間內(nèi)的變化次數(shù)成正比，與其他因素無關。這是容積式液壓泵的一個重要特性。 （2）油箱內(nèi)液體的壓力必須恒等于或大于大氣壓力。這是容積式液壓泵能夠吸入油液的外部條件。因此，為保證液壓泵正常吸油，油箱必須與大氣相通，或采用密閉的充壓油箱。 （3）具有相應的配流機構，將吸油腔和排液腔隔開，保證液壓泵有規(guī)律地、連續(xù)地吸、排液體。液壓泵的結構原理不同，其配油機構也不相同。 容積式液壓泵中的油腔處于吸油時稱為吸油腔。吸油腔的壓力決定于吸油高度和吸油管路的阻力，吸油高度過高或吸油管路阻力太大，會使吸油腔真空度過高而影響液壓泵的自吸能力；油腔處于壓油時稱為壓油腔，壓油腔的壓力則取決于外負載和排油管路的壓力損失，從理論上講排油壓力與液壓泵的流量無關。 容積式液壓泵排油的理論流量取決于液壓泵的有關幾何尺寸和轉速，而與排油壓力無關。但排油壓力會影響泵的內(nèi)泄露和油液的壓縮量，從而影響泵的實際輸出流量，所以液壓泵的實際輸出流量隨排油壓力的升高而降低。 液壓泵按其在單位時間內(nèi)所能輸出的油液的體積是否可調(diào)節(jié)而分為定量泵和變量泵兩類；按結構形式可分為齒輪式、葉片式和柱塞式三大類。
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